Development and social inequality in the European periphery: critical analyses and policy pathways

Abstract

This dissertation examines how core–periphery relations within the EU are linked to uneven development and social inequality through three comparative case studies: Greece, Southern Italy (Mezzogiorno), and Latvia. The theoretical framework adopts an eclectic analytical approach which combines the World-Systems Analysis, Dependency Theory, and Marxist Political Economy, complemented by contemporary approaches (e.g., Sen, Piketty). Findings indicate that (a) economic crises exacerbate pre-existing structural inequalities, especially within the European Union framework, (b) historical infrastructure and state-capacity gaps exacerbate uneven development, and (c) growth models based on low wages, external dependence, and limited productive diversification generate emigration and human capital loss. The study concludes that region-based development policies, stronger social protection and labor rights, and institutional reforms are required that move peripheral regions up the value chain.