The rise of right-wing populism political parties: the cases of the Lega Nord in Italy and the Fidesz in Hungary.

Abstract

This academic thesis examines the rise of right-wing populist parties, with a particular focus on Italy's Lega Nord and Hungary's Fidesz. The study examines the historical contexts, ideological transformations, political strategies, and key internal and external factors contributing to the rise of these parties, as well as the impact of their emergence in their respective countries and the European region. Both parties exploit public sentiment of discontent with the established political system, manifesting as nationalism, euroskepticism, and anti-immigrant sentiments. Matteo Salvini's leadership has been a significant factor in Lega Nord's shift from regionalism to nationalism. This shift has been driven by economic disparities, the migrant crisis, and growing discontent with the EU. Salvini's charismatic leadership and effective social media strategy have played a crucial role in the party's success. Fidesz, led by Viktor Orbán, underwent a transformation from a liberal youth movement to a right-wing populist force. This shift was accompanied by the consolidation of power and the undermining of democratic institutions through constitutional and legislative changes. The thesis underscores the potential for democratic erosion, particularly in Hungary, and broader challenges to liberal democracy. It proposes policy measures and recommends further research on the long-term impact of populist governance on democracy and the EU integration process, as well as the role of social media in the appeal of the populist rhetoric.